The French colonialists' policy of political domination and cultural enslavement as well as programmes of colonial exploitation aggravated the contradictions between the Vietnamese including laborouring people of all strata and the French colonialists. Patriotic movements against the French colonialists' aggression broke out repeatedly throughout the country. The failure of the Can Vuong (loyal to the king) Movement put an end to the period of struggle against foreign invasion under the guidelines of feudalist ideology. At the beginning of the 20th century, the peasants' movement led by Hoang Hoa Tham and patriotic movements bearing the ideology of bourgeois democracy advocated by Phan Boi Chau and Phan Chu Trinh gained the ground. However, all the patriotic movements, from those with the loyalist standpoint like Can Vuong to those with bourgeois, petty-bourgeois viewpoints, failed one after another for lack of proper guidelines and leading bodies capable of mustering the strength of the entire nation.

While all movements for national salvation finally came to a dead end in June, 1911, a patriotic youth named Nguyen Tat Thanh (alias leader Nguyen Ai Quoc -Ho Chi Minh) left his homeland to seek the way to save the country and liberate the nation. Having travelled to various countries to study and inquire into the struggles of many oppressed nations in the world and inquire into the capitalist society, he returned to France in 1917. Here, he joined the French Socialist Party and set up the patriotic Vietnamese's Association. In July 1920, Nguyen Ai Quoc read the "first draft of the theses on national and colonial issues" written by V.I.Lenin and found in Lenin's ideology the correct and resolute way to liberate the Vietnamese nation, as " this is the thing necessary for us, this is the way to liberate ourselves". In December 1920, Nguyen Ai Quoc joined in founding the French Communist Party and agreed to the lines of the Communist International. Having become a communist from a patriot, Nguyen Ai Quoc combined patriotism with the proletarian standpoint and the communist ideal. The way to save the country he affirmed was to combine the national liberation with the social liberation, class liberation and human liberation: "Only when the proletariat is freed can the nation be liberated; these both liberations can only be the cause of communism and world revolution".

Nguyen Ai Quoc at Tours Congress in 1920 to establish the French Communist Party

In the light of Marxist-Leninist theories and Nguyen Ai Quoc's lines for national salvation, the workers' movements and the patriotic movements in Vietnam developed vigorously during the '20s. The workers' movement went from spontaneous to self-conscious. The development of the revolutionary movement required the coming into being of communist organizations. In March 1929, the first communist cell was established in Hanoi (at 50 Ham Long street) -The Vietnam Association of Revolutionary Youth. The predecessor of the Party - which had played an active role in promoting the development of the revolutionary movement was no longer suitable to the qualitative development of the movement. After the Association's congress in May 1929, various communist organizations emerged one after another in Vietnam. In June 1929, the Indochinese Communist Party was established (at 312 Kham Thien, Hanoi); in July 1929 the An Nam Communist Party was set up in Cochinchina. The pick of the basket in the Tan Viet Party issued a declaration on the establishment of League of Indochinese Communists (in September 1929). Such important events reflected an objective demand for the establishment of a Communist Party and at the same time showed that the conditions for setting up the Party had turned ripe.

On February 3, 1930 in Kow Loon, near Hong Kong, leader Nguyen Ai Quoc, with his political credibility and in his capacity as representative of the Communist International, presided over a conference to merge various communist organizations, founding the Communist Party of Vietnam. The conference adopted important documents compiled by Nguyen Ai Quoc, including the Outline Political Programme, the Outline Strategy, the Outline Statute of the Communist Party of Vietnam and leader Nguyen Ai Quoc's appeal made on the occasion of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The Party's first Political Programme clearly identified the strategic objective of the revolution, that was "to carry out the bourgeois democratic revolution and the land revolution in order to advance to a communist society. The Political Programme clearly pointed to the revolutionary forces embracing the workers and peasants, which acted as the core and at the same time united with various social classes and strata imbued with patriotism against the imperialists. Regarding the revolutionary methods, the Political Programme clearly stated that the revolutionary violence had to be used "to topple French imperialism and feudal regime", "even a bit of interests of the workers and peasants shall never be given away in order to reach a compromise", that the Party's leadership aimed to "win over the majority of its class and make it able to lead the mass" and to win over the peasants and people of all strata. The Political Programme stressed the contacts and solidarity with all the oppressed nations and the proliteriat on the world.

The Communist Party of Vietnam came into being as the results of combining Marxism-Leninism, the workers' movements and the patriotic movements of Vietnam. The Party's Political Programme rallied and led the entire population in the struggle for national liberation and class liberation in order to march towards socialism. That is the unequivocal and correct option made by Uncle Ho, the Party and our people in order to gain national independence and genuine freedom and to bring happiness to the people. The Party's founding constitutes an extremely important turning point in the history of the Vietnamese revolution. It proves that the proliteriat has grown up and been capable of leading the revolution.